Ruby/Справочник/Dir
Материал из Викиучебника
[править] Класс Dir
tmpdir - retrieve temporary directory path $Id: tmpdir.rb,v 1.5.2.1 2005/12/15 15:57:05 matz Exp $
Примеси
Enumerable (all?, any?, collect, detect, each_cons, each_slice, each_with_index, entries, enum_cons, enum_slice, enum_with_index, find, find_all, grep, group_by, include?, index_by, inject, map, max, member?, min, partition, reject, select, sort, sort_by, sum, to_a, to_set, zip),
Windows::DeviceIO (CTL_CODE, DeviceIoControl, FSCTL_SET_COMPRESSION, FSCTL_SET_SPARSE),
Windows::Directory (CreateDirectory, CreateDirectoryEx, CreateDirectoryExW, CreateDirectoryW, FindCloseChangeNotification, FindFirstChangeNotification, FindNextChangeNotification, GetCurrentDirectory, GetCurrentDirectoryW, ReadDirectoryChangesW, RemoveDirectory, RemoveDirectoryW, SetCurrentDirectory, SetCurrentDirectoryW),
Windows::Error (FormatMessage, FormatMessageW, GetLastError, SetErrorMode, SetLastError, SetLastErrorEx, get_last_error),
Windows::File (CopyFile, CopyFileEx, CreateFile, CreateHardLink, DecryptFile, DeleteFile, EncryptFile, GetBinaryType, GetFileAttributes, GetFileAttributesEx, GetFileSize, GetFileSizeEx, GetFileType, GetFullPathName, GetLongPathName, GetShortPathName, LockFile, LockFileEx, ReadFile, ReadFileEx, SetFileAttributes, UnlockFile, UnlockFileEx, WriteFile, WriteFileEx),
Windows::Shell (SHGetFolderPath, SHGetSpecialFolderLocation, SHGetSpecialFolderPath)
Константы
VERSION
Методы класса
[], chdir, chroot, create_junction, delete, empty?, entries, foreach, getwd, glob, junction?, mkdir, new, open, pwd, rmdir, tmpdir, unlink
Методы объекта
close, each, path, pos=, pos, read, rewind, seek, tell
[править] Dir::[]
Dir[ string ] => array
Equivalent to calling dir.glob(string,0).
[править] Dir::chdir
Dir.chdir( [ string] ) => 0
Dir.chdir( [ string] ) {| path | block } => anObject
Changes the current working directory of the process to the given string. When called without an argument, changes the directory to the value of the environment variable HOME, or LOGDIR. SystemCallError (probably Errno::ENOENT) if the target directory does not exist. If a block is given, it is passed the name of the new current directory, and the block is executed with that as the current directory. The original working directory is restored when the block exits. The return value of chdir is the value of the block. chdir blocks can be nested, but in a multi-threaded program an error will be raised if a thread attempts to open a chdir block while another thread has one open.
Dir.chdir("/var/spool/mail")
puts Dir.pwd
Dir.chdir("/tmp") do
puts Dir.pwd
Dir.chdir("/usr") do
puts Dir.pwd
end
puts Dir.pwd
end
puts Dir.pwd
produces:
/var/spool/mail
/tmp
/usr
/tmp
/var/spool/mail
[править] Dir::chroot
Dir.chroot( string ) => 0
Changes this process's idea of the file system root. Only a privileged process may make this call. Not available on all platforms. On Unix systems, see chroot(2) for more information.
[править] Dir::create_junction
Dir::create_junction(to, from)
Creates the symlink to, linked to the existing directory from. If the to directory already exists, it must be empty or an error is raised.
[править] Dir::delete
Dir.delete( string ) => 0 Dir.rmdir( string ) => 0 Dir.unlink( string ) => 0
Deletes the named directory. Raises a subclass of SystemCallError if the directory isn't empty.
[править] Dir::empty?
Dir::empty?(path)
Returns whether or not path is empty. Returns false if path is not a directory, or contains any files other than '.' or '..'.
[править] Dir::entries
Dir.entries( dirname ) => array
Returns an array containing all of the filenames in the given directory. Will raise a SystemCallError if the named directory doesn't exist.
Dir.entries("testdir") #=> [".", "..", "config.h", "main.rb"]
[править] Dir::foreach
Dir.foreach( dirname ) {| filename | block } => nil
Calls the block once for each entry in the named directory, passing the filename of each entry as a parameter to the block.
Dir.foreach("testdir") {|x| puts "Got #{x}" }
produces:
Got .
Got ..
Got config.h
Got main.rb
[править] Dir::getwd
Dir.getwd => string Dir.pwd => string
Returns the path to the current working directory of this process as a string.
Dir.chdir("/tmp") #=> 0
Dir.getwd #=> "/tmp"
[править] Dir::glob
Dir.glob( string, [flags] ) => array
Dir.glob( string, [flags] ) {| filename | block } => nil
Returns the filenames found by expanding the pattern given in string, either as an array or as parameters to the block. Note that this pattern is not a regexp (it's closer to a shell glob). See File::fnmatch for the meaning of the flags parameter.
Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob. * will match all files; c* will match all files beginning with c; *c will match all files ending with c; and c will match all files that have c in them (including at the beginning or end). Equivalent to / .* /x in regexp. Matches directories recursively. Matches any one character. Equivalent to /.{1}/ in regexp. Matches any one character in set. Behaves exactly like character sets in Regexp, including set negation ([^a-z]). Matches either literal p or literal q. Matching literals may be more than one character in length. More than two literals may be specified. Equivalent to pattern alternation in regexp.
Escapes the next metacharacter.
Dir["config.?"] #=> ["config.h"]
Dir.glob("config.?") #=> ["config.h"]
Dir.glob("*.[a-z][a-z]") #=> ["main.rb"]
Dir.glob("*.[^r]*") #=> ["config.h"]
Dir.glob("*.{rb,h}") #=> ["main.rb", "config.h"]
Dir.glob("*") #=> ["config.h", "main.rb"]
Dir.glob("*", File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> [".", "..", "config.h", "main.rb"]
rbfiles = File.join("**", "*.rb")
Dir.glob(rbfiles) #=> ["main.rb",
"lib/song.rb",
"lib/song/karaoke.rb"]
libdirs = File.join("**", "lib")
Dir.glob(libdirs) #=> ["lib"]
librbfiles = File.join("**", "lib", "**", "*.rb")
Dir.glob(librbfiles) #=> ["lib/song.rb",
"lib/song/karaoke.rb"]
librbfiles = File.join("**", "lib", "*.rb")
Dir.glob(librbfiles) #=> ["lib/song.rb"]
[править] Dir::junction?
Dir::junction?(path)
Returns whether or not path is a junction.
[править] Dir::mkdir
Dir.mkdir( string [, integer] ) => 0
Makes a new directory named by string, with permissions specified by the optional parameter anInteger. The permissions may be modified by the value of File::umask, and are ignored on NT. Raises a SystemCallError if the directory cannot be created. See also the discussion of permissions in the class documentation for File.
[править] Dir::new
Dir.new( string ) -> aDir
Returns a new directory object for the named directory.
[править] Dir::open
Dir.open( string ) => aDir
Dir.open( string ) {| aDir | block } => anObject
With no block, open is a synonym for Dir::new. If a block is present, it is passed aDir as a parameter. The directory is closed at the end of the block, and Dir::open returns the value of the block.
[править] Dir::pwd
Dir.getwd => string Dir.pwd => string
Returns the path to the current working directory of this process as a string.
Dir.chdir("/tmp") #=> 0
Dir.getwd #=> "/tmp"
[править] Dir::rmdir
Dir.delete( string ) => 0 Dir.rmdir( string ) => 0 Dir.unlink( string ) => 0
Deletes the named directory. Raises a subclass of SystemCallError if the directory isn't empty.
[править] Dir::tmpdir
Dir::tmpdir()
Returns the operating system's temporary file path.
[править] Dir::unlink
Dir.delete( string ) => 0 Dir.rmdir( string ) => 0 Dir.unlink( string ) => 0
Deletes the named directory. Raises a subclass of SystemCallError if the directory isn't empty.
[править] Dir#close
dir.close => nil
Closes the directory stream. Any further attempts to access dir will raise an IOError.
d = Dir.new("testdir")
d.close #=> nil
[править] Dir#each
dir.each { |filename| block } => dir
Calls the block once for each entry in this directory, passing the filename of each entry as a parameter to the block.
d = Dir.new("testdir")
d.each {|x| puts "Got #{x}" }
produces:
Got .
Got ..
Got config.h
Got main.rb
[править] Dir#path
dir.path => string or nil
Returns the path parameter passed to dir's constructor.
d = Dir.new("..")
d.path #=> ".."
[править] Dir#pos
dir.pos => integer dir.tell => integer
Returns the current position in dir. See also Dir#seek.
d = Dir.new("testdir")
d.tell #=> 0
d.read #=> "."
d.tell #=> 12
[править] Dir#pos=
dir.pos( integer ) => integer
Synonym for Dir#seek, but returns the position parameter.
d = Dir.new("testdir") #=> #<Dir:0x401b3c40>
d.read #=> "."
i = d.pos #=> 12
d.read #=> ".."
d.pos = i #=> 12
d.read #=> ".."
[править] Dir#read
dir.read => string or nil
Reads the next entry from dir and returns it as a string. Returns nil at the end of the stream.
d = Dir.new("testdir")
d.read #=> "."
d.read #=> ".."
d.read #=> "config.h"
[править] Dir#rewind
dir.rewind => dir
Repositions dir to the first entry.
d = Dir.new("testdir")
d.read #=> "."
d.rewind #=> #<Dir:0x401b3fb0>
d.read #=> "."
[править] Dir#seek
dir.seek( integer ) => dir
Seeks to a particular location in dir. integer must be a value returned by Dir#tell.
d = Dir.new("testdir") #=> #<Dir:0x401b3c40>
d.read #=> "."
i = d.tell #=> 12
d.read #=> ".."
d.seek(i) #=> #<Dir:0x401b3c40>
d.read #=> ".."
[править] Dir#tell
dir.pos => integer dir.tell => integer
Returns the current position in dir. See also Dir#seek.
d = Dir.new("testdir")
d.tell #=> 0
d.read #=> "."
d.tell #=> 12
